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James Edward Zimmerman (February 19, 1923 – August 4, 1999) was born in Lantry, South Dakota. He was a (coinventor ) of the radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and he is credited with coining the term. == Career == * Westinghouse Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania - 1943 – ?? * Smithsonian Institution, 1953 – 1955 * Ford Motor Company, Scientific Laboratory in Dearborn, Michigan, 1955 – 1969 * SHE (later BTi, then 4-D Neuroimaging), Founder 1969 – 1970 * National Bureau of Standards, 1970 – 1985 While at NIST, Jim introduced two important innovations in SQUID magnetometry: * Fractional-turn SQUID, improving the coupling efficiency * SQUID gradiometer, improving sensitivity to nearby fields In addition, in the late 70's and early 80's, he also gave a major contribution to the development of low-power closed-cycle Stirling refrigerators, to reach temperatures in the range 4K - 8K with the purpose of cooling SQUID devices and small-scale superconducting electronics without resorting to liquid helium dewar vessels. A major achievement was the use of plastic parts made in the laboratory, which would be assembled in a totally non-magnetic cryocooler (refrigerator), in order not to interfere with highly sensitive SQUID's. Later, he was also involved in the development of pulse-tube cryocoolers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Edward Zimmerman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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